-(으)나
Used to connect two clauses where the second clause is contrary or opposite to the first. Primarily used in written or formal contexts.
Summary
Equivalent
But..., Although..., Despite...
Also: -지만
Example
A team was formed and sent on an overseas business trip, but the results fell short of expectations.
팀을 구성해서 해외 출장을 보냈으나 성과는 기대에 못 미쳤다.
Grammar rules
- It is a more formal version of '-지만'.
- Often used in news reports, literature, or formal speeches to contrast two facts.
Patterns
V/A (Verbs/Adjectives)
현재 (Present) · -(으)나
V/A (Verbs/Adjectives)
과거 (Past) · -았으나/었으나
Example sentences
A team was formed and sent on an overseas business trip, but the results fell short of expectations.
팀을 구성해서 해외 출장을 보냈으나 성과는 기대에 못 미쳤다.
The government is making efforts, but prices are not being stabilized easily.
정부는 노력을 하고 있으나 물가는 좀처럼 잡히지 않고 있다.
It's already March, but it's still as chilly as winter in the mornings and evenings.
어느새 3월이나 아직 아침저녁은 겨울처럼 쌀쌀하다.
Conversation
A: Are the results of that project out?
그 프로젝트 결과가 나왔나요?
B: We prepared hard, but unfortunately, we weren't selected this time.
열심히 준비했으나 아쉽게도 이번에는 선정되지 못했습니다.
Practice
Fill in the blank
Select the correct 'but' phrase.
Struggling despite help.
Cold weather.