Advanced Estimated read: 3 mins

-(으)므로

Used to indicate the reason or cause for the main clause. Primarily used in formal writing, reports, announcements, or speeches.

Summary

Equivalent

Because..., Since..., Due to...

Also: -기 때문에 · -(으)니까

Example

As minors require parental consent, please verify.

미성년자는 보호자의 동의가 필요하므로 확인 바랍니다.

Grammar rules

  • It is a very formal way to state a cause.
  • Unlike '-(으)니까', it is not usually used in informal speech or interactive conversation.

Patterns

1

V/A (Verbs/Adjectives)

현재 (Present) · -(으)므로

2

V/A (Verbs/Adjectives)

과거 (Past) · -았으므로/었으므로

Example sentences

V/A (Verbs/Adjectives) · 현재 (Present) · -(으)므로

As minors require parental consent, please verify.

미성년자는 보호자의 동의가 필요하므로 확인 바랍니다.

V/A (Verbs/Adjectives) · 과거 (Past) · -았으므로/었으므로

Because he competed despite being injured, he received applause.

그는 부상을 입었음에도 경기에 출전했으므로 박수를 받았다.

V/A (Verbs/Adjectives) · 현재 (Present) · -(으)므로

Since tomorrow is a public holiday, the library will be closed.

내일은 공휴일이므로 도서관 문을 닫습니다.

Conversation

A: What does the notice say?

안내문에 뭐라고 쓰여 있어요?

B: It says not to touch it because it's a dangerous object.

위험한 물건이므로 만지지 말라고 되어 있네요.

Practice

Fill in the blank

Select the correct 'formal cause' phrase.

Formal announcement.

Logical reason.