Beginner (JSON) Estimated read: 3 mins

'ㅂ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

When an irregular stem ending in 'ㅂ' meets an ending starting with a vowel, the 'ㅂ' changes to '우'. (For '돕다' and '곱다', it changes to '오' when meeting -아/어).

Summary

Equivalent

'ㅂ' Irregular

Example

The weather is really cold today. (춥다)

오늘 날씨가 정말 추워요.

Grammar rules

  • Example: 춥다 + 어요 -> 추우 + 어요 -> 추워요.
  • 맵다 + (으)면 -> 매우 + 면 -> 매우면.
  • Before constants (like -고, -지만), it remains regular (춥고, 맵지만). Also, some verbs are REGULAR and do not change (입다 -> 입어요, 잡다 -> 잡아요, 좁다 -> 좁아요).

    어렵다 -> 어려워요 (Difficult), 돕다 -> 도와요 (Help)

Patterns

1

Some Verbs/Adjectives ending in 'ㅂ'

Meeting a Vowel · Stem (drop ㅂ) + 우/오 + Vowel Endings

Example sentences

The weather is really cold today. (춥다)

오늘 날씨가 정말 추워요.

Do you eat spicy food well? (맵다 + (으)ㄴ)

매운 음식을 잘 먹어요?

I will help you. (돕다)

제가 도와드릴게요.

Conversation

A: How is studying Korean?

한국어 공부가 어때요?

B: It is a little difficult, but fun. (어렵다)

조금 어렵지만 재미있어요.

Practice

Fill in the blank

Select the correct conjugated form for the 'ㅂ' irregular.

Spicy.

Easy.