은/는 vs 이/가
Clear guide to Korean 은/는 vs 이/가: when to mark the topic, when to mark the subject, with examples from both lessons.
Quick takeaway
Use 은/는 to set or contrast the topic of the sentence. Use 이/가 to identify or emphasize the grammatical subject — especially with new information.
은/는
Topic Marker
Attached to a noun to indicate the main topic of the sentence. It means 'as for' or 'regarding'. It is also used to compare or contrast two things, or to refer to an old topic already known by the speakers.
When to use it
When introducing what the sentence is about, contrasting topics, or making a general statement.
Examples
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저는 미국 사람입니다. 제 친구는 한국 사람입니다.
I am American. My friend is Korean.
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바나나는 맛있어요. 하지만 레몬은 셔요.
Bananas are delicious. However, lemons are sour.
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내일은 비가 올 거예요.
As for tomorrow, it will rain.
이/가
Subject Marker
Attached to a noun to indicate that it is the subject of the sentence. It is often used to introduce new information, point out a specific subject, or emphasize 'who' or 'what' performed an action.
When to use it
When naming who/what does the action, answering “who/what?”, or highlighting the subject as new information.
Examples
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오늘 날씨가 아주 좋습니다.
The weather is very good today.
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친구가 밖에서 기다리고 있어요.
A friend is waiting outside.
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방에 책상이 없습니다.
There is no desk in the room.