A/V-(스)ㅂ니다
Present tense in formal polite style. Used in formal or public situations like presentations, news, meetings, and lectures.
Formation
Vowel-ending stem + ㅂ니다 (declarative) or ㅂ니까? (interrogative). Consonant-ending stem + 습니다 (declarative) or 습니까? (interrogative). 하다 verbs: 하 + ㅂ니다 → 합니다. 가다 (stem: 가) + ㅂ니다 → 갑니다. 먹다 (stem: 먹) + 습니다 → 먹습니다. 공부하다 (stem: 공부하) + ㅂ니다 → 공부합니다.
Examples
매일 학교에 갑니다.
maeil hakgyoe gamnida
I go to school every day.
Formal statement
한국어를 공부합니다.
hangugeoreul gongbuhamnida
I study Korean.
Formal statement
Usage
Most formal speech level in Korean. Used in professional and public settings. Same form for statements and questions, distinguished by intonation. Used in news, presentations, meetings, and lectures.
Notes
Stem ending in vowel + ㅂ니다 (declarative) or ㅂ니까? (interrogative). Stem ending in consonant + 습니다 (declarative) or 습니까? (interrogative). The question form uses rising intonation. Can be used with both verbs and adjectives.
Formation
Examples
Notes
- Stem ending in vowel + ㅂ니다 (declarative) or ㅂ니까? (interrogative).
- Stem ending in consonant + 습니다 (declarative) or 습니까? (interrogative).
- The question form uses rising intonation.
- Can be used with both verbs and adjectives.
Usage
- Most formal speech level in Korean.
- Used in professional and public settings.
- Same form for statements and questions, distinguished by intonation.
- Used in news, presentations, meetings, and lectures.
See Also
No cross-references available.