Intermediate Grammar Patterns

70 lessons from the book curriculum, grouped by topic below.

Conjecture and Supposition (7 topics)

-아/어 보이다

To look (like) / To seem

-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다

It seems that... / It looks like...

-(으)ㄹ 텐데

I suppose that... so/but

-(으)ㄹ 테니까

Since I will... / Since it is expected to...

-(으)ㄹ걸요

I think that... / I bet...

-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 몰랐다[알았다]

I didn't know that... / I thought (wrongly) that...

-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다

It might... / There's a chance that...

Expressing Contrast (3 topics)

-기는 하지만 / -기는 -지만

It's true that... but / Granted... but

-(으)ㄴ/는 반면에

On the other hand / While... in contrast

-(으)ㄴ/는데도

Even though / Despite the fact that

Narrative and Informal Forms (2 topics)

서술체

Narrative / Written Style

반말체

Informal / Casual Speech (반말)

Expressing Reasons (7 topics)

-거든요

You see... / The thing is... / It's because...

-잖아요

You know... / As you know... / Don't you know that...?

-느라고

Because of (doing)... / Since I was busy doing...

-는 바람에

Because of (sudden event)... / Due to an unexpected...

-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에

Due to / Because of (blame/fault)

-고 해서

Also because... / Among other things... / Since (one reason being)...

-(으)ㄹ까봐

Worried that... might / For fear that...

Citing Speech of Others (4 topics)

-다고요?

Did you say...? / You're saying that...?

-다고 하던데

I heard that... (and was thinking about it) / They say that...

-다면서요?

I heard that... (is it true?) / They say you...

-다니요?

What do you mean...?! / How can it be that...?!

Expressing Resolution and Intent (5 topics)

-(으)ㄹ까 하다

I'm thinking of... / I'm considering...

-고자

In order to / With the aim of...

-(으)려던 참이다

I was just about to... / I had been meaning to...

-(으)ㄹ 겸 -(으)ㄹ 겸

Both to... and to... / With the dual purpose of...

-아/어야지요

I really should... / Of course I must...

Giving Recommendations and Advice (3 topics)

-(으)ㄹ 만하다

Worth doing / It's worth...

-도록 하다

Please make sure to... / Make it so that...

-지 그래요?

Why don't you...? / How about...? (mildly pushing)

Expressing Recollection (3 topics)

-던

Used to... / That/which... (remembered from the past)

-더라고요

I (personally) found that... / I saw that...

-던데요

But from what I saw... / I recall that... (implying contrast)

Expressing Change of State (3 topics)

-아/어지다

To become / To get (gradually)

-게 되다

Come to (do/be)... / End up...

-아/어 가다 / -아/어 오다

-아/어 가다: 'Keep on...' (going forward) / -아/어 오다: 'Have been...' (up to now)

Expressing Degree and Extent (3 topics)

-(으)ㄹ 정도로 / -(으)ㄹ 정도이다

To the extent that... / So much that...

-(으)ㄹ 만큼

To the extent that... / As much as...

-는 데다가

In addition to... / Not only... but also...

Expressing Conditions and Assumptions (3 topics)

-(으)면 -(으)ㄹ수록

The more... the more...

-(으)ㄹ 것을

I should have... / I wish I had...

-(으)ㄹ 테면

If you insist on... / If you're going to...

Expressing Negation (2 topics)

-지 않을 수 없다

Cannot help but... / Have no choice but to...

-는 것은 아니다

It's not that... / It's not the case that...

Expressing Purpose and Result (2 topics)

-도록

So that... / Until... / To the point of...

-(으)로 인해(서)

Due to / As a result of / Owing to

Expressing Supposition (2 topics)

-(으)ㄹ 뻔했다

Almost... / Nearly...

-는 척하다

To pretend to / To act as if

Expressing Obligation and Prohibition (2 topics)

-(으)면 안 되다

Must not / Should not / Are not allowed to

-아/어야 하다 / -아/어야 되다

Must / Have to / Need to

Expressing Ability and Possibility (1 topic)

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 / 없다

Can / Cannot / It is possible/impossible to

Expressing Past Habit (2 topics)

-곤 했다

Used to (do) / Would often (do)

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

Have (n't) done before / Have (no) experience of doing

Providing Background and Explanation (2 topics)

-는데

As for... / The thing is... / (Setting the scene)

-(으)ㄴ/는 걸 보니까

Judging from / Seeing that / Given that (one can infer...)

Expressing Feelings (2 topics)

-아/어 죽겠다

I'm dying of... / I'm so... I could die

-기 싫다

Hate to / Dislike doing / Don't feel like doing

Expressing Expectations (1 topic)

-(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다

I thought / expected that... (but I was wrong)

Comparing and Contrasting (2 topics)

-(으)ㄴ/는 것에 비해(서)

Compared to / In comparison with

-는 데 비해(서)

Whereas / While (by contrast)

Expressing Emphasis and Restriction (2 topics)

-(으)ㄹ 뿐이다

Only / Nothing more than / All I can do is

-기만 하다

All one does is... / Just keep doing...

Expressing Addition (1 topic)

-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

Not only... but also

Expressing Time (2 topics)

-는 동안에

While / During

-는 사이에

While / In the time it takes / In the brief moment that

Expressing Manner and Means (2 topics)

-(으)로서

As (in the role/capacity of) / In one's capacity as

-(으)로써

By (means of) / Through / By doing

Review: Conditions and Expectations (2 topics)

-(으)ㄴ/는 이상

Now that / Given that / As long as / Since

-(으)ㄴ/는 한

As long as / So long as