Listing and Contrast

And (connecting). Connects two sentences or clauses, expressing addition or sequence.

Verb/Adjective stem + 고. 먹다 → 먹고. 좋다 → 좋고. Used to connect: 밥을 먹고 커피를 마셔요 (eat rice and drink coffee). 좋고 싸요 (good and cheap).

Or (choice). Expresses choice between two actions, meaning 'or' or 'either...or'.

Verb stem + 거나. 가다 → 가거나. 먹다 → 먹거나. Used for choice: 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요 (watch a movie or read a book).

But (contrast). Expresses contrast or contradiction, meaning 'but', 'however', or 'although'.

Verb/Adjective stem + 지만. 비싸다 → 비싸지만. 가다 → 가지만. Used for contrast: 비싸지만 좋아요 (expensive but good). 바쁘지만 만나요 (busy but meet).

But/And (background). Provides background information or sets up a contrast. Can mean 'but', 'and', or 'however'.

Past adjectives: (으)ㄴ데. Past verbs: 었는데. Present verbs: 는데. Present adjectives: (으)ㄴ데. Future: (으)ㄹ 건데. 바쁘다 → 바쁜데. 가다 → 가는데. 갔다 → 갔는데.