Beginner Grammar Patterns

105 lessons from the book curriculum, grouped by topic below.

Tenses (6 topics)

Present Tense (Formal) A/V-(스)ㅂ니다

Present Tense (Formal Polite Style)

Present Tense (Informal) A/V-어/아요

Present Tense (Informal Polite Style)

Past Tense A/V-았/었어요

Past Tense (Did, Was/Were)

Future Tense V-(으)ㄹ 거예요

Future Tense (Will, Is going to)

Progressive Tense V-고 있다

Progressive Tense (Am/Is/Are ...ing)

Past Perfect Tense A/V-았/었었어요

Past Perfect (Had been, Used to be)

Negative Expressions (3 topics)

안 A/V-아/어요

Not (Word Negation)

A/V-지 않아요

To not be / To not do

못 V-아/어요

Cannot / Unable to

Particles (19 topics)

Subject Marker

Topic Marker

Object Marker

And (Noun + Noun) / With

의

Of / -'s (Possessive Marker)

에 (Location/Direction)

To / At / In (Location particle)

에 (Time)

At / On / In (Time particle)

에서 (Action Location)

At / In / From (Action Location)

From ~ To ~

To (a person/animal)

Also / Too

Only / Just

Only / Nothing but

To/Toward / By/With/Using

(이)나

Or / As much as

쯤

About / Approximately

처럼 / 같이

Like / As

보다

Than (Comparison)

마다

Every / Each

Listing and Contrast (4 topics)

-고

And / And then

-거나

Or (Between Verbs/Adjectives)

-지만

But / Although

-(으)ㄴ/는데

But / However / and (Background information)

Time Expressions (10 topics)

전에 / -기 전에

Before / Ago

후에 / -(으)ㄴ 후에

After / Later

-고 나서

After doing / Upon finishing

-아/어서 (Sequential)

And then

때 / -(으)ㄹ 때

When / At the time of

-(으)면서

While (doing two actions at once)

중 / -는 중

In the middle of / Currently doing

-자마자

As soon as / Right after

동안 / -는 동안

During / While

-(으)ㄴ 지

Since (doing something) ...

Ability and Possibility (2 topics)

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다

Can / Cannot (Ability or Possibility)

-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다

To know how to / Not know how to

Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition (6 topics)

Please do ~

Please do not ~

Must / Have to

May / Allowed to

May not / Not allowed to

-지 않아도 되다 (안 -아/어도 되다)

Do not have to / Need not

Expressions of Hope (2 topics)

-고 싶다

To want to / Would like to

-았/었으면 좋겠다

I hope / It would be nice if...

Reasons and Causes (3 topics)

-아/어서 (Reason)

Because / So

-(으)니까

Because / Since

때문에 / -기 때문에

Because of / Because

Making Requests and Assisting (2 topics)

-아/어 주다 / 주시겠어요?

Please do ~ for me

-아/어 줄게요 / 줄까요?

I will do ~ for you / Shall I do ~ for you?

Trying New Things and Experiences (2 topics)

-아/어 보다

To try doing

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

Have done ~ / Have not done ~

Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions (4 topics)

-(으)ㄹ까요?

Shall I...? / Shall we...?

-(으)ㅂ시다

Let's ~

-(으)시겠어요?

Would you like to...? / Will you...?

-(으)ㄹ래요? (Asking Intentions)

Do you want to...? / Would you like to...?

Intentions and Plans (3 topics)

-겠어요 (Intention)

I will / I intend to

-(으)ㄹ게요

I will / I promise to

-(으)ㄹ래요 (Stating Intentions)

I want to / I'm going to

Background Information and Explanations (2 topics)

-(으)ㄴ/는데 (Background Info)

So... / Given that... (Background Information)

-(으)니까 (Discovery/Realization)

When I did... I realized that...

Purpose and Intention (5 topics)

-(으)러 가다/오다

To go/come in order to

-(으)려고

In order to / So that

-(으)려고 하다

To plan to / To intend to

위해(서) / -기 위해(서)

For the sake of / In order to

-기로 하다

To decide to / Resolved to

Conditions and Suppositions (3 topics)

-(으)면

If / When

-(으)려면

If you want to / If you intend to

-아/어도

Even if / Even though

Conjecture (4 topics)

-겠어요 (Conjecture)

Looks like / Sounds like / Must be

-(으)ㄹ 거예요 (Conjecture)

I think / Probably / Will probably

-(으)ㄹ까요? (Asking Conjecture)

Do you think...? / I wonder if...

-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다

Seems like / Looks like / I think

Changes in Parts of Speech (4 topics)

-(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ 명사(Noun)

Noun that is/does/did/will do...

-기 (Nominalizer)

Doing / The act of...

-게 (Adverbializer)

-ly / In a ... manner

-아/어하다 (Adjective to Verb)

To feel / To act ...

Expressions of State (4 topics)

-고 있다 (State of Clothing/Action)

Is wearing / Has put on

-아/어 있다

Is (in the state of...)

-아/어지다

To become [adjective]

-게 되다

To end up doing / To get to do

Confirming Information (3 topics)

-(으)ㄴ/는지 알다/모르다

Do you know if/where/who/what...

V-는 데 걸리다/들다

Takes (time) / Costs (money) to do...

-지요? (-죠?)

..., right? / Isn't it?

Discovery and Surprise (2 topics)

-군요/는군요

I see that... / Indeed...

-네요

Wow... / Oh, I see...

Additional Endings (2 topics)

-(으)ㄴ가요? / -나요?

Is it...? / Do you...? (Softly)

-(으)ㄴ/는데요

Well... / But... / I'm telling you this, so...

Quotations (3 topics)

Direct Quotations ("..."라고 하다)

Said, "..."

Indirect Quotations (-다고 / -냐고 / -자고 / -라고 하다)

He said that... / She asked if... / They suggested that...

Indirect Quotations: Contracted Forms (-대요 / -냬요 / -재요 / -래요)

They say that... / They asked... / They said to...

Irregular Conjugations (7 topics)

'ㅡ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'ㅡ' Irregular

'ㄹ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'ㄹ' Irregular

'ㅂ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'ㅂ' Irregular

'ㄷ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'ㄷ' Irregular

'르' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'르' Irregular

'ㅎ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'ㅎ' Irregular

'ㅅ' 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation)

'ㅅ' Irregular