에게/한테/께 vs 에서~까지 / 부터~까지
Don’t mix up Korean 에게/한테 (to a person) with 까지 (until / as far as). Side-by-side examples included.
Quick takeaway
에게/한테 marks the person receiving an action. 까지 marks an endpoint in time or space — “until” / “as far as.”
에게/한테/께
To (a person/animal)
Attached to a noun referring to a person or animal to indicate that they are the recipient or target of an action.
When to use it
Giving/saying/sending something to a person.
Examples
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선생님께 이메일을 보냈어요.
I sent an email to the teacher.
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친구한테 생일 선물을 주었습니다.
I gave a birthday present to my friend.
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강아지에게 밥을 줬어요.
I fed the puppy. (I gave food to the puppy)
에서~까지 / 부터~까지
From ~ To ~
Used to express the starting point and ending point of a place or time. '에서...까지' designates a spatial range (from place to place), while '부터...까지' designates a temporal range (from time to time).
When to use it
Endpoints: until Friday, as far as Seoul, up to page 10.
Examples
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서울에서 부산까지 KTX로 2시간 반 걸려요.
It takes two and a half hours from Seoul to Busan by KTX.
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월요일부터 금요일까지 학교에 갑니다.
I go to school from Monday to Friday.
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아침 9시부터 오후 5시까지 일해요.
I work from 9 AM to 5 PM.