-고도
Used when the action in the second clause is surprising or contradictory given that the action in the first clause already happened.
Summary
Equivalent
Even after doing... / Despite having done...
Also: -(으)ㄴ데도 · -고서도
Example
Even after eating so much food, you're trying to snack?
밥을 잔뜩 먹고도 군것질을 하려고 해요?
Grammar rules
- It implies 'After [X] already happened, [Y] (an unexpected or contradictory result) occurred.' Used only with verbs.
- The second clause often shows a morally surprising or logically inconsistent result.
- Both clauses must share the same subject.
- Tense markers (-았/었) cannot precede '-고도'. Tense is implied from context.
그 친구는 늦게 오고도 사과하지 않았다. (O) / 그 친구는 늦게 왔고도 사과하지 않았다. (X)
- Can attach to some adjectives to show two simultaneous contrasting states.
가깝고도 먼 나라 (A country that is near yet far)
Patterns
V (Verbs)
현재 (Present) · -고도
Example sentences
Even after eating so much food, you're trying to snack?
밥을 잔뜩 먹고도 군것질을 하려고 해요?
It's too much that even after making a mistake, they just walked by without saying anything.
실수를 하고도 아무 말도 없이 지나가다니 너무하네요.
You can participate in the meeting via video call even without being absent from it.
회의에 빠지지 않고도 화상 통화로 참여할 수 있어요.
Conversation
A: They made a mistake themselves and then got angry?
그 사람이 먼저 실수를 해 놓고 화를 냈다고요?
B: Yes, even after being wrong themselves, they got angry at me instead, which was absurd.
네, 본인이 틀리고도 오히려 저한테 화를 내서 어이가 없었어요.
Practice
Fill in the blank
Select the correct phrase showing contradiction despite prior action.
발을 밟았는데 사과를 안 했어요.
도와줬는데 고마워하지 않았어요.