-(으)로 인해(서)
A formal expression used to indicate the cause of a situation or result. More commonly seen in written, journalistic, or academic contexts.
Summary
Equivalent
Due to / As a result of / Owing to
Also: -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 (Fault/blame — negative results) · -때문에 (Because of — general cause, less formal)
Example
Due to a traffic accident, the roads have become congested.
교통사고로 인해 도로가 혼잡해졌습니다.
Grammar rules
- Almost always used in formal writing or news.
- '-(으)로 인해서' is more emphatic.
- In casual speech, '-때문에' is used instead.
Patterns
Nouns (Cause/Result)
Present/Past · Noun + (으)로 인해(서)
Verbs (Nominalised Cause)
Present/Past · Verb Stem + 음/기로 인해(서)
Example sentences
Due to a traffic accident, the roads have become congested.
교통사고로 인해 도로가 혼잡해졌습니다.
As a result of technological advancement, many things have become more convenient.
기술 발전으로 인해 많은 것들이 편리해졌어요.
Flights have been cancelled due to the typhoon.
태풍으로 인해 항공편이 결항됐습니다.
Conversation
A: Why was the event cancelled?
왜 행사가 취소됐어요?
B: I heard it was cancelled due to sudden weather changes.
갑작스러운 날씨 변화로 인해서 취소됐다고 해요.
Practice
Fill in the blank
Select the formal cause expression.
Flood damage.
Economic crisis.