Intermediate (JSON) Estimated read: 3 mins

-는데

One of the most versatile connectives in Korean. Used to: (1) provide background context for the main clause, (2) set up a contrast, (3) introduce a request or question after context-setting.

Summary

Equivalent

As for... / The thing is... / (Setting the scene)

Also: -(으)ㄴ/는데도 (Even though — emphasis on contradiction) · -지만 (But — simple direct contrast)

Example

I'm currently eating — could you call me in 30 minutes?

지금 밥을 먹고 있는데 30분 후에 전화해 줄 수 있어요?

Grammar rules

  • NOT the same as '-지만' (simple but).
  • '-는데' is more about setting the scene.
  • It is ubiquitous in everyday Korean and often untranslatable word-for-word — it functions as a logical connector and context-setter.

Patterns

1

Verbs (Background Context)

Present · Verb Stem + 는데

2

Adjectives (Background Context)

Present · Adj Stem + (으)ㄴ데

3

Past Background

Past · Stem + 았/었는데

Example sentences

Verbs (Background Context) · Present · Verb Stem + 는데

I'm currently eating — could you call me in 30 minutes?

지금 밥을 먹고 있는데 30분 후에 전화해 줄 수 있어요?

Adjectives (Background Context) · Present · Adj Stem + (으)ㄴ데

The weather is nice — shall we go for a walk together?

날씨가 좋은데 같이 산책할까요?

Past Background · Past · Stem + 았/었는데

I went to that restaurant yesterday, but the door was closed.

어제 그 식당에 갔는데 문이 닫혀 있었어요.

Conversation

A: Do you have time tomorrow?

내일 시간 있어요?

B: I have plans in the morning tomorrow, but the afternoon is fine.

내일은 오전에 약속이 있는데 오후는 괜찮아요.

Practice

Fill in the blank

Use '-는데' for natural background context.

Asking for help.

Context for question.